paper 7 Assignment

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                     Assignment

Name: Trivedi Disha Hiteshbhai

Paper no: 7

Topic:apply I.A.Richards theory of figurative language in film lyrics

Year: 2015-2017

M.A.Sem = 2

Submitted to: Smt. S.b.gardi department of English m. k. Bhavnagar University (Gujarat)

                      

Topic:apply I.A.Richards theory of figurative language in film lyrics.

I.A.Richards is the most influential critic of the modern criticism who has designed a systematic and complete theory of the literary art. His reputation as a critic lies on a limited number of critical books he wrote. They are “the foundations of Aesthetics”, “The meaning of meaning”, “the principle of literary criticism”, “practical criticism” etc.

As a critic, I.A.Richard is a staunch advocates of close textual and verbal study and analysis of a work of art without reference o its author and the age. His approach is pragmatic. He has made literary criticism factual, scientific and complete.

He has linked up the psychology with criticism. For him, a critic is expected to have adequate knowledge of psychology in order to enter into the author’s mind. He also gives too much importance to the art of communication and brings out a distinction, between the scientific and the motives uses of language. He also talks about the qualities of a good critic. The critic should be able to distinguish experiences from one another and must be sound judge of values.

According to Richards, poetry is the representation of impulses and experiences of the poet. To understand and appreciate poetry dispassionate psychological analysis is necessary. To   understand the real nature of poetry one has to understand how the mind works in an experience. To him, poetry is a means by which we can get emotional balance.

Richards also talks about four kinds of meaning. For him language is made of words and hence a study of language is all important, if we are to understand the meaning of a poem. He believes that successive readings of a poem are necessary to understand the poetic meaning. Poetic truth is different from scientific truth.

His idea of the four kind of meaning..

1)      Sense

2)      Feeling

3)      Tone

4)      Intention

Now i would like to throw some light on that.

1)      Sense :  which is means we speak to say something and when we expect something to be said, we use words to direct our hearers’ attention upon some state of affairs, to present to them some items for consideration and to excite in them some thought about these items.

2)      Feeling: which is means we have some feeling about these items, about the state of affairs we are referring to. We have an attitude towards it, some personal favour or colouring of feeling and we use language to express these feeling.

3)      Tone: the attitude of the writer towards his readers. Thus he chooses or arranges his words differently as his audience varies. In automatic or deliberate recognition of his relation to them. The tone of his utterance reflects his awareness of this relation, his sense of how he understands those he is addressing.

4)       Intention: apart from what the writer says 9sense), his attitude to what he is talking about (feeling), and his attitude to his listener(tone), there is the speaker’s intention, his aim, the effect he is endeavouring to promote. Originally he speaks for a purpose and his purpose modifies his speech. The understanding of it is part of the whole business of apprehending his meaning.

According to I.R.RICHARS, words are symbols or signs and deliver their full meaning only in a particular context. Meaning is dependent on context. He also argues that one needs careful reading to find the meaning, to grasp the meaning. Thus, the literary critic is expected to understand and expand the context to that the poem may become intelligible and its full value may be grasped.

According to him, the meaning of words is also determined by rhythm and metre. Both rhythm and meter are organic and integral parts of a poem, for both determine the meaning of the words used by the poets.

Then I.A.Richards talks about the use of figurative language. According to him poetry is often misunderstood because of wrong types of figures and choice of words. The poet should be very much careful about diction and syntax. In the same way readers should also be well- equipped. If he takes meaning literally there is a danger of misunderstanding.  I.A.Richards agrees that the language of prose. A dictionary meaning of words cannot help in understanding poetry.

He says that very often figurative language is valuable but it creates problems also. He does not agree with the use of unnecessary figures of speech. He firmly believes that figurative language should also be rational, coherent and scientific. He also abhors the use of mixture of metaphor which can damage the beauty of poetry. He prefers personification as a valuable tool in poetry but it must be concrete. He, thus, appreciates Shakespeare’s personifications.

Finally he says that figurative language requires deep study. The poet is like a chemist and not a moralist. He should present poetic truth with logical coherence. Because poetic truth is different from scientific truth, it is a matter of emotional relief rather than intellectual belief. It is not a matter of versification, but of attitude and emotional reaction.

To conclude, a poet writes to communicate and language is the means of communication. Language is made of words and hence a study of words is all important. We use words to understand the meaning of a work of art. On this ground the concept of I.A.Richards or the four kinds of meaning is a very important critical doctrine.

Here i tried to apply I.A.Richards theory of figurative language in lyrics of songs.

1)

Chandan Sa Badan Lyrics - Saraswatichandra (1968)

Movie/album: Saraswatichandra (1968)

Singers: Mukesh Chand Mathur (Mukesh) or lata mangeshkar

Song Lyricists: Indeevar (Shyamalal Ba0bu Rai)

Music Composer: Anandji Virji Shah, Kalyanji Virji Shah

Music Director: Anandji Virji Shah, Kalyanji Virji Shah

Director: Govind Saraiya

Music Label: Saregama

Starring: Nutan, Manish

In this song i tried to applied  I.A.Richards figurative language..

चन्दन सा बदन, चंचल चितवन
धीरे से तेरा ये मुस्काना
मुझे दोष न देना जगवालों
हो जाऊं अगर मैं दीवाना
(हो जाए अगर दिल दीवाना)

in the frist stanza we can see lines says about any person who is most important than others. Here he campaire his beloved with many other symbols to express his love for her “ chandan sa badan, chanchal chitvan” here we can see human body is not any kind of tree fruit but ‘Chanan’ is a symbol of coolness or softness so he campaire his beloved to piece of chandan. By using ‘chandan’ word he express that you are very soft and beautiful

ये काम कमान भंवे तेरी
पलकों के किनारे कजरारे
माथे पर सिंदूरी सूरज
होंठों पे दहकते अंगारे
साया भी जो तेरा पड़ जाए
आबाद हो दिल का वीराना
चन्दन सा बदन...

in these lines he describe her beauty support with different symbols like ये काम कमान भंवे तेरी
पलकों के किनारे कजरारे it means your eyes are very beautiful its like river near Margo and then other line in your head kumkum like sun here we can see sun is symbols of her sindur. होंठों पे दहकते अंगारे means your smile it gives me a happiness here ‘aangare’ is not a symbol of fire but her smile when ever she smile he became a happy .

तन भी सुन्दर, मन भी सुन्दर
तू सुन्दरता की मूरत है
किसी और को शायद कम होगी
मुझे तेरी बहुत जरुरत है
पहले भी बहुत मैं तरसा हूँ (दिल तरसा है)
तू और ना दिल को तरसाना
चन्दन सा बदन...

In third stanza we find that he finally ends his imagination and come to his result and says to her about her beauty तन भी सुन्दर, मन भी सुन्दर तू सुन्दरता की मूरत है here we can see that he tells to her. she is like a beautiful statue created by god.  Next lines he says that other persons need you or not but i wants’ you a lot because before it i m waiting for you much longer time now its over i m totally passionless.

ये विशाल नयन, जैसे नील गगन
पंछी की तरह खो जाऊ मैं
सिरहाना जो हो तेरी बाहों का
अंगारों पे सो जाऊं मैं
मेरा बैरागी मन डोल गया
देखी जो अदा तेरी मस्ताना
चन्दन सा बदन

Your eyes see me where ever i m. I want what ever you are. here other symbols like  अंगारों पे सो जाऊं मैं nobody can sleep in fire its just imaginations of writer.

2) Singer(s) : Udit Narayan Alka Yagnik Adnam Sami
Lyricist(s) : Ibrahim Ashq 
Music(s) : Rajesh Roshan 
Koi Mil Gaya 2003                         

                            

                             

 jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
aaj dharti se gagan ka
aaj dharti se gagan ka
phoolon se chaman ka
ghatao se pawan ka ho raha milan
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
aaj dharti se gagan ka
aaj dharti se gagan ka
phoolon se chaman ka
ghatao se pawan ka ho raha milan
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo

yeh kaisa hai tamasha
nayi pyaar ki hai bhasha
ab koi nahi hai nirasha
yeh kaisa hai tamasha
nayi pyaar ki hai bhasha
ab koi nahi hai nirasha
chup hai hum bhi
chup ho tum bhi
hoti hai sab baatein fir bhi
are kaisare hua yeh ajooba
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo

jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
tumhe aankhon mein basaya
tumhe dil mein bithaya
koi tumse naa lenge kiraya
tumhe aankhon mein basaya
tumhe dil mein bithaya
koi tumse naa lenge kiraya
tum jo humse milne aaye
humne saapne nayeh sajaye
ab karna nibhane ka wada
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
aaj dharti se gagan ka
aaj dharti se gagan ka
phoolo se chaman ka
ghatao se pawan ka ho raha milan
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo
jaadoo jaadoo jaadoo 

in this song we can also apply theory of I.A.Richards. we find many symbols in this song like,..

“ aaj dharti se gagan ka
phoolon se chaman ka
tumhe aankhon mein basaya
tumhe dil mein bithaya
koi tumse naa lenge kiraya
tumhe aankhon mein basaya
tumhe dil mein bithaya
koi tumse naa lenge kiraya
tum jo humse milne aaye
humne saapne nayeh sajaye
ab karna nibhane ka wada”

in this lyrics we find double meaning of words. From my side i try to give my best i hope it is helpful for batter understanding.

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